Dr Barbara Lane continues expert witness presentation on the primary refurbishment of Grenfell Tower. She details gas pipe compartmentation breaches, the rainscreen cladding system with combustible materials (Celotex/Kingspan insulation, Reynobond PE panels), and the absence of cavity barriers around windows. Explains how approved document B requirements were not met.
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00:00:09 thank you thank you doctor lasers are going to continue with the second half of her presentation okay yes dr. Dane thank you
00:00:20 okay I'm just going to finish on works before the primary refurbishment and so to discuss the gas supply replacement works yes that were underway the night
00:00:32 works yes that were underway the night of the fire regarding wrongful tire I'm interested in gas supplies for two specific fire safety related issues only first the
00:00:45 safety related issues only first the supply of gas through grateful tire penetrated multiple compartments how those penetrations were protected to maintain compartment ation is therefore
00:00:56 maintain compartment ation is therefore relevant to the stay-put strategy the second issue of interest is the provision made with respect to shutting off the gas supplies during a fire this
00:01:07 off the gas supplies during a fire this is important when considering gas as a fuel source in a room or flat during a fire gas safety matters are the subject of investigation by the gas expert
00:01:19 of investigation by the gas expert appointed to the inquiry Rodney Hancock and his work will include gas shutoff issues the inquiry will then need to understand any additional fire
00:01:31 need to understand any additional fire scenarios where caused by gas supply when his work is completed I investigated the gas service installations are grateful tire by
00:01:42 installations are grateful tire by reviewing design and construction documentation by observing evidence on site I relied on two services specialists I worked with a tariff mr.
00:01:53 specialists I worked with a tariff mr. Joe Wade a mr. Connor Hoey in particular when trying to decipher the glass the the gas supply routes throughout the tire during our site inspections on the 7th 8th and 9th of
00:02:06 inspections on the 7th 8th and 9th of November 2017 my team located the gas supplies and traced the pipe work to understand how the systems were distributed through our ground filter
00:02:18 distributed through our ground filter this was a complex process particularly within the basement my findings as results and as they relate to fire safety compartment ation requirements
00:02:29 safety compartment ation requirements only are summarized in the following presentation there were two original gas supplies and rental tire the first gas supply which I refer to as the landlord
00:02:41 supply which I refer to as the landlord supply this serve boilers that provided communal heating and hot water for grandfa tire as well as the three finger
00:02:53 grandfa tire as well as the three finger blocks located site of Grand Vitara the Landlord gas supply entered Granville tear through the East Building elevation it entered at a high level within the
00:03:06 it entered at a high level within the basement level nearly five meters above finished floor level the Landlord gas supply was then routed horizontally along the basement level where it served
00:03:18 along the basement level where it served the original boilers during the primary refurbishment new boilers were installed to provide a new central heating system for grant will tear the original
00:03:30 for grant will tear the original landlord gas supply was therefore extended to serve these new boilers the original boilers were retained and they continued to serve the three-finger blocks south of grand filter the
00:03:43 blocks south of grand filter the landlord gas supply doesn't leave the basement and does not therefore apparently breach any compartment ation therefore I will not discuss the landlord supply any further at this
00:03:54 landlord supply any further at this stage the second gas supply which I refer to as the residential supply provided gas for domestic appliances such as cookers to residential flats on
00:04:06 such as cookers to residential flats on levels for 223 I understand that just over 70% of the floods had a live gas supply the original residential gas
00:04:20 supply the original residential gas supply entered Grantville tear through the East Building elevation a basement level also this residential gas supply was then routed horizontally along the
00:04:31 was then routed horizontally along the basement level where it then split into four gasp I and these were routed vertically up four shafts in the building core the term
00:04:42 shafts in the building core the term used for a part of vertical pipe that distributes upwards through a building is riser these four gas risers continued
00:04:53 is riser these four gas risers continued up the building and at some point between the basement level and level four the four risers were split into six this split and its location requires
00:05:04 this split and its location requires further investigation however what is clear is these six risers continued up the building to level 23 one of each of these six risers pass through each flat
00:05:17 these six risers pass through each flat these original gas risers connected every floor of Granville talked tower from basement level to level 23 the gas
00:05:28 from basement level to level 23 the gas riser is passed through each compartment floor connecting all the compartments they pass through therefore these risers are also required to be protected to maintain compartment
00:05:39 to be protected to maintain compartment ational
00:05:40 ational approved document b requires that pipes which penetrate a compartment are to be protected in one of two ways the pipe should be fire stopped at every
00:05:51 should be fire stopped at every compartment wall or floor that it penetrates or the pipe should be enclosed with the protected shaft formed with fire resistant construction where gas pipes are enclosed in protected
00:06:04 gas pipes are enclosed in protected shafts they also require ventilation at the top and bottom of the shaft for safety reasons it is important to note that approved document b states that gas
00:06:16 that approved document b states that gas service and installation pipes should not be incorporated within a protected stairway unless the gas installation is in accordance with the requirements for
00:06:27 in accordance with the requirements for installation and connection set out in the pipeline's safety regulations and the gas safety installation done noose regulations these specific requirements
00:06:39 regulations these specific requirements are not provided within approved document b for fire safety and they require other safety measures to stalled for example for emergency control of the gas supply to the
00:06:51 control of the gas supply to the building these provisions made for compliance with these separate regulations are being dealt to advise the other expert gas works commenced in
00:07:03 the other expert gas works commenced in 2016 which led to a third main gas supply being installed a grand vitara
00:07:11 during an inspection by cadent gas on the 30th of september 2016 a small gas leak was identified in one of the six risers supplying gas to the original
00:07:24 risers supplying gas to the original flats on levels for 223 the gas riser with the gas leak was disconnected
00:07:35 with the gas leak was disconnected it was capped at ground level this disconnected gas riser supplied flat to this image shows the
00:07:48 supplied flat to this image shows the location of flat two which is the flat located on the southeast corner of grandfa tire as I said just over 70% of the original flats and grand vitara were
00:08:00 the original flats and grand vitara were supplied with gas 13 of these flats were in this flat 2 location on the southeast corner
00:08:07 corner therefore thirteen flats were affected by the gas leak and subsequent decommissioning of the flat two related gas riser in 2016 the other 5 risers
00:08:21 gas riser in 2016 the other 5 risers supplying guts gas to flats in location one three four five and six on each floor between levels four and twenty three remained and serviced the
00:08:34 three remained and serviced the condition of these five other original gas risers that remained in operation and were present the night of the fire is also being investigated by the other experts however an entirely new
00:08:47 experts however an entirely new residential supply was installed to replace the decommissioned riser but served flats and location to this new residential gas
00:08:58 and location to this new residential gas supply entered grant retire through the East Building elevation also it entered the tower of basement level the gas supply pipe was then routed from the
00:09:09 supply pipe was then routed from the east elevation of the building to the south east service shaft in the core of the building where it was then routed vertically up the tower a new vertical
00:09:21 vertically up the tower a new vertical route was chosen through the protected stare from levels 2 to 21 rather than directly through the flat two locations as had previously occurred horizontal
00:09:36 as had previously occurred horizontal pipes were installed leading out from that vertical riser in the stair exiting into each lobby outside the stair and over to serve flat to these horizontal
00:09:49 over to serve flat to these horizontal pipes penetrated the protected stair compartment wall and the flat compartment wall on each relevant story within the tower these horizontal pipes
00:10:00 within the tower these horizontal pipes ran under the fault ceiling in each Lobby and so were visible from within the lobby this was to be the case at every level requiring a residential gas
00:10:11 every level requiring a residential gas supply in the southeast corner
00:10:18 the proof document be for fire safety advisors a pipe is not considered to be contained within a protected stair shaft if that pipe is completely separated
00:10:29 if that pipe is completely separated from that protected stair shaft by fire resistant construction I observed the vertical pipe within the stair to have been enclosed by construction as shown
00:10:40 been enclosed by construction as shown in this image and the stair at level two I currently have no information available to me as to the fire performance possible from that construction where a gas pipe is
00:10:51 construction where a gas pipe is enclosed approved document b states a protected shaft conveying piped flammable gas should be adequately ventilated direct to the outside air by
00:11:03 ventilated direct to the outside air by ventilation openings at high and low level in the shaft this condition is being explored by the inquiries of wanted gas expert at this time the
00:11:14 wanted gas expert at this time the horizontal pipes that supplied gas to flats in location to therefore left this vertical riser in the stair penetrated the protected stair compartment wall and
00:11:25 the protected stair compartment wall and then penetrated the flat compartment wall the pipe should be fire stopped at each compartment water penetrates or enclosed with the protected shaft I understand that these works to the
00:11:38 understand that these works to the horizontal pipes were planned for June 2017 although I have seen no evidence that any of those works had commenced by the 14th of June 2017 a landlord gas on
00:11:51 the 14th of June 2017 a landlord gas on the 14th of June 2017 there were three gas supplies in Grandville town a landlord gas supply with no impact on compartment ation an original residential gas supply the condition of
00:12:04 residential gas supply the condition of which is currently being investigated and a new residential gas supply which had incomplete compartment ation works and incomplete ventilation works the night of the fire
00:12:38 okay for the remainder of the afternoon I'm going to talk about the primary refurbishment yes thank you with an overview of the whole thing first between 2012 and 2016 the TMO
00:12:51 between 2012 and 2016 the TMO commissioned to major refurbishment of Grand Vitara I refer to this as the primary refurbishment the refurbishment was funded by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the funds for
00:13:02 Kensington and Chelsea and the funds for the refurbishment were released in 2012 the primary refurbishment was substantial and I would like to read the ride and general scope of the project as
00:13:13 ride and general scope of the project as far as adaption of two lifts to include two new doors reclad Eng of the facade reconfiguration of the podium levels to provide additional residential
00:13:25 provide additional residential accommodation nine new flats relocation and refurbishment of the nursery relocation and refurbishment of the boxing club provision of new community room decorations to the existing lobbies
00:13:39 room decorations to the existing lobbies construction of a new entrance lobby previously an under craft modifications to the MEP systems as follows new heating system to all areas new boosted
00:13:51 heating system to all areas new boosted cold water distribution system to all areas refurbishment and extension of the smoke and environmental ventilation systems alterations to the dry riser
00:14:03 systems alterations to the dry riser system alterations to the door entry system external hard and soft landscaper the project scope included external works the image on screen shows the
00:14:16 works the image on screen shows the contract boundary for the works as defined for 2012 external works included demolition of an existing circular ramp connecting the level 2 walkway to the play area to the west of brown filter
00:14:29 play area to the west of brown filter demolition of an existing walkway that connected level 2 to the grass area to the north of the tower and new hard and soft landscaping within the contract boundary on the north south east and
00:14:41 boundary on the north south east and west sides of the tower
00:14:45 according to the sustainability and energy statement for the primary refurbishment improving the insulation levels of the walls roof and windows was the top priority of this refurbishment
00:14:58 the top priority of this refurbishment the chosen strategy is to wrap the building in a thick layer of insulation and then over clad with a rain screen to protect the insulation from the weather and from physical damage the resultant
00:15:12 and from physical damage the resultant works can be summarized as follows the overcrowding of the building envelope a ground comprised a glass reinforced concrete cladding to the columns and the installation of glazed curtain walls to
00:15:25 installation of glazed curtain walls to the new entrance lobby on the southeast corner from levels 1 to 23 it consisted of the addition of a drained and ventilated rainscreen cladding system
00:15:37 ventilated rainscreen cladding system which comprised of a backing wall by means of the existing tower external wall and a cavity containing thermal insulation and an outer layer formed
00:15:50 insulation and an outer layer formed with rainscreen cladding panels two different types of rainscreen cladding panels were used at 1st and 2nd floor a product called CGL wall plank and then
00:16:03 product called CGL wall plank and then from levels 3 to 23 a renob and 55 PE aluminium camps of panel in two colors pure white for the horizontal panels a
00:16:14 pure white for the horizontal panels a third floor only and smoked silver cutter provided on all columns and all horizontal panels on levels 4 to 23 and the crown of the building new double
00:16:28 the crown of the building new double glazed windows and insulating core panels between them were installed I have focused my analysis in my phase 1 report on the external wall construction
00:16:39 report on the external wall construction of the original residential floors the cladding on the lower floors was involved in the fire there were many changes made to the internal layouts of
00:16:52 changes made to the internal layouts of ground level 2 level 3 a new tall entrance lobby was created with a new open staircase within us a new community room was provided at ground level the nursery was moved from the first floor
00:17:04 nursery was moved from the first floor don't grind at the first floor a second community room and four new flats were provided a new flat was provided at level 2 and the boxing club was moved
00:17:15 level 2 and the boxing club was moved from ground level up to level 2 at the third floor four new flats were provided result resulting in a total of nine reconfiguring these internal spaces
00:17:27 reconfiguring these internal spaces caused the need to reconfigure the lift on stair access and so make them fully available at those levels also as I have
00:17:40 available at those levels also as I have already explained this morning the small lift that originally served ground level 2 level 3 was demolished access to the main lifts was then modified so that these two lifts could now be accessed
00:17:51 these two lifts could now be accessed from levels 1 and 3 as originally they were not I have explained the modifications to the lift and will not explain them any further with regard to the existing stairs modifications were
00:18:03 the existing stairs modifications were made to stairs between ground level and level 3 no modifications were made to the central stair from level 4 to roof 3 small internal stairs were demolished
00:18:14 small internal stairs were demolished between grind 2 and level 3 the location of these stairs is highlighted in red in the left hand image new balconies were constructors highlighted green and the
00:18:25 constructors highlighted green and the right hand image to connect a new open stair in the new multi-story entrance lobby located in the southeast corner highlighted in blue over to the central
00:18:37 highlighted in blue over to the central enclosed lobby at levels 1 and 2 from level 3 access via the main central protected stair and Lobby was provided the internal changes from ground to
00:18:49 the internal changes from ground to level 3 also required modifications to the existing internal fire main so that it became accessible at these levels the existing smoke control system was also
00:19:00 existing smoke control system was also modified to incorporate the new lobbies at ground level one two and three the operation of the system was changed and new power supplies and controls were also provided during the refurbishment a
00:19:13 also provided during the refurbishment a new heating system and booster cold water system were provided in the building this required works in all lobbies all flats and all non-residential spaces inside every
00:19:28 non-residential spaces inside every existing flats work was required to install a new heat interface unit for individual control of heating and hot water and new low
00:19:39 heating and hot water and new low temperature hot water pipes to supply that heat interface units and new cold water pipes a total of 440 radiators
00:19:50 water pipes a total of 440 radiators were installed the primary refurbishment therefore included substantial work inside the building on all levels the overcrowding on all levels of the
00:20:02 overcrowding on all levels of the exterior of the building it included works done externally demolition of ramps and walkways and hard and soft landscaping within the contract boundary
00:20:38 I will focus of detail on the rainscreen cladding component of the primary refurbishment works later but first I would like to provide more information about some of the other works done to
00:20:49 about some of the other works done to grandfa tire during the primary refurbishment and so I will provide more information on each of the external works the reconfiguration of lower floors the fire main works the
00:21:01 floors the fire main works the refurbishment of the existing smoke control system the new heating and hot water system and a new cold water system this is an order to provide greater clarity on how those works impact us the
00:21:14 clarity on how those works impact us the fire safety features in Grantsville tear the contract boundary for the primary refurbishment is outlined in red
00:21:25 refurbishment is outlined in red according to the primary refurbishment design documentation external hard and soft landscaping was provided within this boundary there were changes to
00:21:36 this boundary there were changes to external pedestrian access to Grand Vitara the external walkway that connected to the north side of level 2 to the grass area was demolished the external walkway that connected grandfa
00:21:48 external walkway that connected grandfa tire to the finger blocks at level 2 was closed at the South building envelope and the circular ramp as I said that connected this walkway to the play area west of the tower was demolished as a
00:22:01 west of the tower was demolished as a result of the circular ramp demolition the pedestrian path between the area south of Grand Vitara where the main building entrance is located and the
00:22:12 building entrance is located and the area west of Grand Vitara became an at level direct pedestrian path new heart standings were provided on the north south east and west sides of Grand
00:22:24 south east and west sides of Grand Vitara immediately arranged the tower within the contract boundary as I explained earlier the primary fire vehicle access to Grand Vitara was via Grant Hill Road on the
00:22:37 Grant Hill Road on the during my site visits I observed that the fire access to the south and east elevations was maintained after the primary refurbishment the first graph on
00:22:49 primary refurbishment the first graph on the Left shows the fire vehicle access route leading to the south side of Grand Vitara the area underneath the elevated concrete walkway was within the contract boundary of the primary refurbishment
00:23:02 boundary of the primary refurbishment the photograph on the right shows the hard standing on the east side of Grand Vitara a new heart standing was provided to this area during the primary
00:23:13 to this area during the primary refurbishment regarding the reconfiguration of the lower levels these levels were reconfigured to provide nine additional
00:23:25 reconfigured to provide nine additional flux and reconfigure to non rossette residential accommodation at all mauled multi-story entrance foyer was created with an open stair within us and the
00:23:36 with an open stair within us and the balconies created at levels two and levels one additionally six new fire doors were provided to the modified protected stair enclosure at those lower
00:23:47 protected stair enclosure at those lower levels some of the existing fire safety systems in the residential areas at a level four and above were then extended down to serve these reconfigured levels
00:23:59 down to serve these reconfigured levels these fire assisted safety systems included the firefighting lifts dry rising main and the smoke control system
00:24:10 [Applause] according to the design guidance referenced at the time of the original construction buildings over 60 metres required a wet fire main according to
00:24:21 required a wet fire main according to the wording and the design guidance the building height was to be measured to any floor of the building the plant room was sixty five point five meters above ground and Grand Vitara therefore a wet
00:24:33 ground and Grand Vitara therefore a wet fireman was required when the tower was originally constructed however a dry main was provided works were carried out to this existing dry main
00:24:44 to this existing dry main during the primary refer the inlet valve which is used by the fire brigade to charge the fireman with water was relocated from the central
00:24:55 water was relocated from the central core of the building at ground level to the exterior of the building next to the main entrance on the South elevation new
00:25:09 main entrance on the South elevation new piping connected this new inlet to the existing main vertical and horizontal piping was installed as part of these works I do not know the exact route or
00:25:21 works I do not know the exact route or length of piping added however the new Inlet is approximately 8.5 meters from the location of the original dry rising main new connections for firefighting
00:25:34 main new connections for firefighting hoses were installed at the first second and third floor so that the dry rising main served to every floor above ground level at the time of the primary
00:25:46 level at the time of the primary refurbishment the existing smoke control system was reaching the end of its service of a life the smoke control system was refurbished to improve
00:25:57 system was refurbished to improve performance and reliability as I understand matters it was also changed from a standalone smoke control system to a combined smoke
00:26:08 smoke control system to a combined smoke control system and environmental system the environmental system was installed to mitigate the heat gains from the new communal heating system the original
00:26:22 communal heating system the original smoke control system in Grantville tower included a fresh air shaft and a smoke extract shaft serving all of the residential lobbies it had no environmental error purpose each Lobby
00:26:35 environmental error purpose each Lobby had a fresh air inlet on one side of the lobby and a smoked exhaust vent on the opposite wall of the lobby a manual so-called fireman's
00:26:46 so-called fireman's right was located at ground level all lobbies contained four events two high-level events on the north wall and two low level vents on the south wall
00:26:58 two low level vents on the south wall these vents were mechanical so they could open and close to allow air flow in and out of the lobby originally the
00:27:11 in and out of the lobby originally the low-level vents connected directly into two fresh air shafts on the south side of the lobby the fresh air supply fan was installed at the bottom of the South shafts on level three the high level
00:27:24 shafts on level three the high level vents connected directly into to smoke exhaust shafts on the north side of the lobby a smoke extract fan was installed at the top of the North shafts at the
00:27:36 at the top of the North shafts at the roof there was a smoke detector in each lobby if smoke was detected in the lobby the vents in that particular Lobby were intended to open the vents on other
00:27:48 intended to open the vents on other floors were intended to remain closed the site's low-level vents were to supply fresh air to the lobby the north high-level vents were to extract smoke
00:27:59 high-level vents were to extract smoke from the lobby the exists this existing smoke control system was refurbished and extended during the primary
00:28:10 extended during the primary refurbishment and to work as both an environmental ventilation system and a smoke control system the original vent openings in levels for 223 lobbies were
00:28:22 openings in levels for 223 lobbies were retained during the refurbishment this meant again each Lobby had low level and high level vents the vertical shafts were extended dang words to serve the
00:28:33 were extended dang words to serve the newly created residential lobbies on the first second and third floors and the existing lift Lobby a grand at level two the existing connection to the outside
00:28:44 the existing connection to the outside of the building was replaced including new fan sets these new fans at level 2 were connected to the South shaft by horizontal ducts
00:28:56 to the South shaft by horizontal ducts these photographs show smoke exhaust fans at level 2 the smoke extract fan set at level 2 had dual power supplies a primary power supply and a backup power
00:29:09 primary power supply and a backup power supply in case primary power was lost the dogs connect to the outside of the building by event above the entrance on the south of elevation this photograph
00:29:22 the south of elevation this photograph shows the ductwork used to connect the fans to the safe shaft and arm to the external face of the building the ducts were positioned in the new stair enclosure directly above the escape
00:29:34 enclosure directly above the escape route from the internal protected stair at level 2 just like the original vent the new vents were mechanical in
00:29:45 the new vents were mechanical in environmental mode they were intended to open and close to allow air in and out of the lobby in day-to-day use in smoke mode they were intended to open and
00:29:58 mode they were intended to open and closed to allow smoke into the shaft from a single lobby a new combined environmental and smoke extract fan set
00:30:09 environmental and smoke extract fan set who was installed in the rooftop plant room and connected to the two north shafts both fans had dual power supplies consisting of a primary power and backup
00:30:21 consisting of a primary power and backup power supply a weather housing was provided over the top of the shaft in the event of a fire and where smoke to enter a lobby smoke detectors within the
00:30:33 enter a lobby smoke detectors within the lobby's were intended to trigger the control system to fire mode this is a photograph of one of the smoke detectors in the level 3 Lobby for smoke control
00:30:47 the sequence of events in smoke mode was intended to be as follows firstly the vents aren't all other floors should shut and all the vents on the floor
00:30:58 shut and all the vents on the floor where smoke has been detected open this is to isolate the non fire floors from the floor where the fire is located and to direct the full capacity of the smoke
00:31:12 to direct the full capacity of the smoke control system to the fire floor only the roof smoke exhaust fans should turn on and pull air and smoke out of the lobby vents up the North shafts where it
00:31:25 lobby vents up the North shafts where it vents from the building of roof level the environmental fan at level 2 should shut down the separate smoke extract fan should then turn on and pull air and
00:31:37 should then turn on and pull air and smoke out of the lobby vents down the side shafts and vent from the vent the building through the second floor external wall as air and smoke is
00:31:50 external wall as air and smoke is extracted from the lobby by all the vents within it air is drawn into the lobby from the stair a permanently open vent was also located at the roof of the
00:32:02 vent was also located at the roof of the stair fresh air was intended to be drawn down through the stair and into the lobby the flow of fresh air through the open stair door or through the gaps
00:32:14 open stair door or through the gaps around the stair door if the stair door was closed he is intended to prevent smoke entering the stair from the lobby this is the design intent to maintain the protected
00:32:27 design intent to maintain the protected stair as a safe space for escape and firefighter according to design documentation the refurbished smoke control system was
00:32:38 refurbished smoke control system was also designed to allow firefighters to change the floor of operation of the smoke control system so change it from the current floor of operation to any
00:32:49 the current floor of operation to any other floor the smoke control system was worst
00:32:54 worst designed to operate on a single floor at any one time within the entranceway a control panel was provided this was to enable the fire brigade to close all
00:33:06 enable the fire brigade to close all vents on all floors in a single operation I have requested further information on this system
00:33:17 according to design documentation the smoke control system was also provided with override switches on each floor I observed those switches in my site
00:33:28 observed those switches in my site inspectional operation of the switch should allow the fire brigade to open the vents on that floor only and lock the switches on all other floors so that
00:33:40 the switches on all other floors so that those vents could not be accidentally opened at the same time returning this mechanical switch to its original position should close the vents on that
00:33:51 position should close the vents on that floor and unlock the switches on every other floor this is intended to enable the fire brigade to operate the smoke control system on any chosen floor using
00:34:04 control system on any chosen floor using that respective key switch
00:34:11 a new heating and hot water system and cold water system was installed and these systems served every floor and every flat in Grantville tower pipes
00:34:22 every flat in Grantville tower pipes were routed through out the tower from the basement level through to the roof level and into each and every flat and non residential accommodation each pipe
00:34:33 non residential accommodation each pipe penetration through a compartment wall and floor was therefore required to be protectant new boilers were installed in the basement to serve this new system and the landlord gas supply as I've
00:34:45 and the landlord gas supply as I've explained was extended to supply those boilers the original boilers were retained and they continued to serve the three-finger blocks in addition to the
00:35:00 three-finger blocks in addition to the new boilers in the basement the new heating and hot water system included a heat interface units in each of the flats the intention was it was it was to provide space heating and instantaneous
00:35:14 provide space heating and instantaneous hot water for that respective space a pair of flow and return types connected to each heat interface unit to the new boilers in the basements I'm going to
00:35:25 boilers in the basements I'm going to refer to each pair as a riser to simplify my explanation of the pipe routing throughout the building's five risers connected the basement to level
00:35:36 risers connected the basement to level two serving oil flux and non residential accommodation on these levels a sixth riser connected the basement to level 23 serving all the flats on levels 3 to 23
00:35:49 serving all the flats on levels 3 to 23 this riser entered the protected stairway between levels 3 and 4 only this riser then continued up the building through each protective loving
00:36:01 building through each protective loving from levels four to twenty three but within a riser covered in the lobbies the pipes appear to have been fire stopped at each floor level but I
00:36:12 stopped at each floor level but I currently have no information available to me as to the fire performance possible from that construction a pair of pipes then routed out of this riser covered laterally
00:36:23 out of this riser covered laterally across the ceiling passing in through the compartment wall to each flux the pipes appear to have been fire stopped at that compartment world also but again I have no information available as to
00:36:35 I have no information available as to the fire performance possible from that construction cold water pipes were run from water tanks on the roof down through the protected lobbies also one
00:36:47 through the protected lobbies also one pipe was rolling from the 23rd floor down to the 14th floor a second pipe was run from the 23rd floor down to the 3rd floor
00:36:57 floor this pipe then continued down to the basement level unfed risers to residential flats and non residential accommodation areas on ground floor to level 2 cold water pipes were routed
00:37:11 level 2 cold water pipes were routed across the ceiling of each lovie to each of the flats in every lobby between the 4th and 23rd level a new partition and doors were constructed
00:37:24 partition and doors were constructed around the vertical pipes a new ceiling was also installed in every Lobby below the new pipes this ends my description
00:37:39 the new pipes this ends my description of some of the works within the primary refurbishment I will next provide an explanation of the cladding but we might take a short break that would you like to do that no all right well we'll break
00:37:51 to do that no all right well we'll break the short time now I suggest we resume at 5 to 3 thank you very much
00:38:07 you
00:58:55 yes dr. Dane you ready okay
00:59:00 okay the final part of my presentation today is about the external world refurbishment during the 2012 to 2016
00:59:11 refurbishment during the 2012 to 2016 primary refurbishment a comprehensive reclad of the external wall of the existing building was undertaken to do this the existing external wall
00:59:23 this the existing external wall construction was over clad with a ventilated rain screen system new windows were installed and new linings to those windows were installed internally
00:59:35 internally I will first describe the multiple components of a ventilated rain screen system and the fire safety provisions required for external wall construction before describing in detail the
00:59:48 before describing in detail the materials and arrangement of materials as I have found them at this stage today I'm only describing materials I'm not presenting my phase one report opinions on fire performance testing or
01:00:01 on fire performance testing or compliance status the rainscreen cladding system was a drained and ventilated system I have referred to the pressure standard code of practice for
01:00:12 pressure standard code of practice for stone based rainscreen cladding in describing the key components of a ventilated rain screen system this image is a section through a ventilated rain
01:00:24 is a section through a ventilated rain screen system the highlighted portion is the outer layer also referred to as the rain screen this outer layer is intended to shelter the building from the
01:00:36 to shelter the building from the majority of direct rainfall some joints between panels or at the edges of the rain screen should be left to open the
01:00:47 rain screen should be left to open the second key part now highlighted is a cavity behind this outer layer a cavity which can include insulation and which is intended to collect any water which
01:00:59 is intended to collect any water which passes through the joints in the rain screen layer and to permit such water to flow down to a where it can be collected and drained from the cavity the insulation layer
01:01:12 from the cavity the insulation layer should not completely fill the cavity the cavity is also defined in approved document b as a space enclosed by elements of a building or contained
01:01:23 elements of a building or contained within an element it can also be referred to as a concealed space where insulation is provided within the cavity it should not completely fill the cavity
01:01:34 it should not completely fill the cavity so as it does indeed ensure water can flow down to a point where it is collected and drains the third key component of a rain screen system is the
01:01:46 component of a rain screen system is the backing wall which sits behind the cavity and the azure layer the backing wall is intended to provide a barrier to air infiltration and water ingress into
01:01:58 air infiltration and water ingress into the building regarding the fire safety requirements the requirement before makes requirements regarding external
01:02:09 makes requirements regarding external fire spreads and specifically its part one of B 4 requires the external walls of the building shall adequately resist the spread of fire over the wall the
01:02:21 the spread of fire over the wall the approved document b also states that the provisions are made in section 12 for the fire resistance of external walls and to limit the susceptibility of the
01:02:33 and to limit the susceptibility of the external surfaces of walls to ignition and to fire spread and I will now explain section 12 in in paragraph 12.5 as I explained this morning it describes
01:02:46 as I explained this morning it describes two methods to meet the regulation that either the construction of the external wall should meet the specific guidance within paragraphs twelve point six to twelve point nine or meet the
01:02:59 twelve point nine or meet the performance criteria given in BR 135 the tests described in Br 135 is the British standard a 41 for test I will explain
01:03:12 standard a 41 for test I will explain first the method provided for in each of the paragraphs 12 six two paragraphs 12.9 inclusive I
01:03:24 consider the outer layer the rainscreen layer to be an external surface paragraph twelve point six states the external surfaces of walls should meet
01:03:36 external surfaces of walls should meet the provisions in diagram 42 section of diagram 40 of approved document b which is relevant to grunt filter is shown on
01:03:47 is relevant to grunt filter is shown on the left-hand side of the screen now for clarity I have changed the original approved document the marked dark gray to a blue color the image on the left is
01:03:59 to a blue color the image on the left is how a diagram 40 would apply to rental tire excuse me the image on the right is how diagram 40 would apply to Grand
01:04:10 how diagram 40 would apply to Grand Vitara grounds to level 5 are less than 18 meters above ground level 6 to roof level are more than 18 meters above ground a building height 80 meters or
01:04:23 ground a building height 80 meters or more means any external wall surface above 18 meters must achieve either class naught national class or Class B dot s3 comedy to the European class or
01:04:37 dot s3 comedy to the European class or better I have based my opinion on the fire performance of the rain screen panels installed on Granville tire on the basis of diagram 40 paragraph 12
01:04:49 the basis of diagram 40 paragraph 12 point 7 requires any insulation product thinner material not including gasket sealants and similar etc used in the external wall of buildings greater than
01:05:01 external wall of buildings greater than 18 meters to be of limited combust ability the classification limited combust ability is defined in Appendix A in approved document b and i refer you
01:05:12 in approved document b and i refer you to all the detail in appendix F of my phase 1 report but in the very simplest of meanings a material of limited combust ability is either a non
01:05:23 combust ability is either a non combustible material or a material which produces very little flame Andra Heaton all of this must be determined using either British
01:05:34 must be determined using either British or European reaction to fire tests I have made the basis of my opinion clear a little detail in appendix F in my phase 1 report that the approved
01:05:45 phase 1 report that the approved document b provides no definition of filler material nor why that excludes gasket sealants and similar etc I have explained why I applied paragraph 12
01:05:57 explained why I applied paragraph 12 point 7 insulation materials and products to insulation products only finally paragraphs twelve point eight and twelve point nine relate to the
01:06:08 and twelve point nine relate to the provision of cavity barriers within the external wall construction cavity barriers are a construction providers to close a concealed space against
01:06:19 close a concealed space against penetration of smoke or flame or they're provided to restrict the movement of smoke or flame within such a space using diagram 33 from approved document b
01:06:32 diagram 33 from approved document b cavity barriers are therefore required around the openings created by the windows at the head of the rainscreen cladding system to close the top of the
01:06:43 cladding system to close the top of the external wall cavity at the Junction's of every compartment floor and the rainscreen cladding system at the junctions with compartment walls separating flats and the external
01:06:55 separating flats and the external rainscreen cladding system in this image I have indicated where vertical and horizontal cavity barriers are required around openings created by windows in a
01:07:09 around openings created by windows in a rainscreen cladding system in this image I have shown where horizontal cavity barriers are required at the junction of the internal compartment floor and the
01:07:21 the internal compartment floor and the external rainscreen cladding system in this image I have shown where vertical cavity barriers are required at the junction of the internal compartment
01:07:33 junction of the internal compartment wall and the external ring brain cavity which would result in the cavity behind the rainscreen cladding to be subdivided like this finally in this
01:07:46 be subdivided like this finally in this image I have shown where horizontal cavity barriers are required at the head of the rainscreen cladding to close the top of the cavity this is the crown a
01:07:57 top of the cavity this is the crown a grand filter the statutory guidance document approved document b also makes provisions for the construction of cavity barriers they are required to
01:08:09 cavity barriers they are required to achieve at least 30 minutes integrity and 15 minutes insulation fire resistance specifically around opening specifically around two openings cavity
01:08:22 specifically around two openings cavity barriers may instead be formed of specified materials of a minimum thickness in addition cavity barriers must be tightly fitted to rigid construction where it is not possible to
01:08:35 construction where it is not possible to tightly fit the cavity barrier a different protection method called fire stopping must be used in those locations and Stead's fire stopping has a different purpose to
01:08:48 fire stopping has a different purpose to a cavity barrier it has a higher standard of fire resistance the required fire resistance of fire stopping for a residential building greater than 30 minutes sorry excuse me
01:09:00 minutes sorry excuse me greater than 30 meters is 2hours integrity and insulation at the junction between the compartment floors it is one hour integrity and insulation at the
01:09:12 hour integrity and insulation at the junction of the internal compartment walls with the external wall therefore if a rainscreen outer layer was not interpreted by the designer as
01:09:23 was not interpreted by the designer as rigid construction then fire stopping will be required instead of cavity barriers approved document b does not state either way if rain printscreen
01:09:34 state either way if rain printscreen systems are considered rigid construction now I will describe the second method referred to in the approved document b the second method is to meet the performance
01:09:46 second method is to meet the performance criteria which are given at B re-report 135 using full scale test data for Brescia standard 8 for 1/4 I will be producing a separate report on this
01:09:58 producing a separate report on this matter and will not go into detail at this stage only to show this image on the left of a ventilated rain screen system installed on the test apparatus
01:10:09 system installed on the test apparatus for conducting a British standard a 4:1 for fire tests the test standard specifies the size and orientation of the system for testing
01:10:20 the system for testing it requires the complete cladding Assam assembly to be tested the complete assembly is defined within as complete
01:10:31 assembly is defined within as complete cladding assembly including sheeting rails fixings cavities insulation and membranes coatings flashings are joint and these are to be specified by the
01:10:43 and these are to be specified by the test sponsor and to fix to the masonry test walls using their proprietary system fixing the performance criteria that approved document b paragraph 12.5
01:10:56 that approved document b paragraph 12.5 refers to is to find an annex a of PR 135 it states performance of the system is to be evaluated against three criteria external fire spread described
01:11:10 criteria external fire spread described as fire spread of the building envelope by way of the surface of the external cladding system internal fire spread described as fire which spreads unseen
01:11:22 described as fire which spreads unseen through the external cladding system and finally mechanical performance whilst failure criteria are defined for external fire spread and internal fire
01:11:34 external fire spread and internal fire spread no failure criteria are defined for mechanical performance I will be considering these methods I have taken two main actions to confirm
01:11:47 I have taken two main actions to confirm the materials and their arrangement used in the over cladding and two internal lining of the external wall of Grand Vitara I carried out detailed on-site inspections on the 6th of October the
01:12:01 inspections on the 6th of October the 1st of November and every day between the 7th and 9th of November I have carried out a detailed review of evidence from the relevant parties provided to me by the inquiry I will
01:12:13 provided to me by the inquiry I will update my face won't work if any additional evidence becomes available I have focused my analysis on the external wall construction of the original residential floors the image on the Left
01:12:28 residential floors the image on the Left illustrates the existing construction of the external wall of Grand Vitara the existing solid concrete perimeter beams concrete columns with decorative concrete cladding both were retained the
01:12:41 concrete cladding both were retained the aluminium frame sliding windows were removed these windows were replaced with new window frames containing glazed panels and insulating polystyrene Quora
01:12:53 panels and insulating polystyrene Quora panels and a small window to accommodate the kitchen extract fan the external overcrowding of the existing wall was to create a ventilated rainscreen cladding
01:13:04 create a ventilated rainscreen cladding system and so resulted in the original building external wall used as the backing wall a new weatherproof membrane between the new windows and the existing
01:13:17 between the new windows and the existing concrete structure new thermal insulation applied directly to the backing wall a rainscreen cavity drained to the exterior and rainscreen cladding panels as the outer layer we're going to
01:13:31 panels as the outer layer we're going to show
01:13:32 show of all the layers now before I go through each one in turn
01:14:07 first I would like to talk specifically about the new window frames with glazing and insulating polystyrene core panels
01:14:18 this image shows the Assembly of the windows including glazing panels larger insulation core panels and smaller insulation core panels with a small fan
01:14:30 insulation core panels with a small fan mounted in the center the new window frames marked in blue were system 5.20 kj+ tilt and turn windows which were
01:14:43 kj+ tilt and turn windows which were manufactured by metal technology systems the frames were made from polyester powder coated aluminium alloy an iminium is not a combustible material or Ness it
01:14:55 is not a combustible material or Ness it is Grange and to a powder the glazing in the window frames is highlighted in dashed red the glazing used was a double glazing system with the six millimeter
01:15:07 glazing system with the six millimeter toughened glass pane either side of a 16 millimeter argon filled cavity glass is not a combustible material the white panel indicated in a dashed pink is an
01:15:20 panel indicated in a dashed pink is an insulation core panel this info panel was a product called a loo glaze manufactured by panel systems limited the panels installed were 1.2 meters
01:15:32 the panels installed were 1.2 meters high and one meter wide alyou glaze is described by its suppliers as comprising aluminium bonded to an insulating core a 25 millimeter styrofoam core was
01:15:46 25 millimeter styrofoam core was specified for these panels styrofoam is extruded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene is combustible I have highlighted the smaller window insert
01:15:57 highlighted the smaller window insert insulation core panels in dashed yellow these panels were 530 millimeters by 500 this panel was specified to be a core of
01:16:08 this panel was specified to be a core of 25 millimeter kingspan TP 10 insulation TP 10 is a poly ISOs which is a combustible material however
01:16:19 which is a combustible material however I did not find Kings burn in those locations where I inspected them I found more alyou glaze type panels with the polystyrene core the foam insulation
01:16:30 polystyrene core the foam insulation observed on site was like blue which is consistent with the styrofoam at styrofoam which is extruded polystyrene and are specified for the main infill panels this whole window assembly
01:16:47 panels this whole window assembly including the glazing and the insulation core panels was then fixed the outside face of the existing horizontal concrete perimeter beams as illustrated here I
01:16:58 perimeter beams as illustrated here I remind you the horizontal concrete above and below the windows or beams which supports the internal floor the window frame is bolted onto the outside of the
01:17:09 frame is bolted onto the outside of the existing external wall using metal brackets at the top and bottom of the window frame therefore the new position of the window is a hundred and eighty-five millimeters further out
01:17:21 eighty-five millimeters further out relative to the original windows
01:17:27 additionally the new position of the window frames relative to the existing external wall structure also introduced a gap around the edges of the new
01:17:38 a gap around the edges of the new windows the design anticipated this gap to vary between 35 and 90 millimeters as the existing columns were not perfectly straight the gaps that I was able to
01:17:49 straight the gaps that I was able to observe on site varied between 30 and 120 millimeters to close the gap introduced by the alterations to the
01:18:00 introduced by the alterations to the size and position of the new windows a damp-proof course also called a membrane of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber referred to as EPDM was used as a
01:18:13 rubber referred to as EPDM was used as a weatherproof seal
01:18:19 EP diem is a synthetic rubber and is a combustible material the photograph on screen now was taken during my site
01:18:32 screen now was taken during my site investigation viewing the new window frames where they meet the columns highlighted with the dashed line visible in the gap once the external clouding panel is removed from view is the damp
01:18:44 panel is removed from view is the damp proof course in this image highlighted with the dashed line visible in the gap once the internal linings were removed from view is the black EPDM the new
01:19:03 from view is the black EPDM the new thermal insulation was directly fixed to the perimeter beams and the vertical concrete columns
01:19:14 two layers of thermal insulation were fixed directly to the face of the building above and below the windows a single layer of thermal insulation was
01:19:25 single layer of thermal insulation was fixed directly to the face of the columns each were fixed using a 180 millimeter stake screwed into the face of the existing concrete perimeter beam
01:19:36 of the existing concrete perimeter beam or column the 180 millimeter stakes pierced the insulation therefore mechanically fixing us to the existing structure on the columns this was a
01:19:48 structure on the columns this was a single layer of a hundred millimeter thick polymeric foam insulation with an aluminium foil either facing the designation shows that it was manufactured by Celotex the product used
01:20:01 manufactured by Celotex the product used was sallet x RS 5000 which is made from poly isocyanate phone this is commonly shortened to PIR PIR is a combustible material on the perimeter beams the same
01:20:16 material on the perimeter beams the same insulation material sallet X RS 5000 PIR was affixed in two separate layers of 80 millimetres directly to the wall this photograph shows the perimeter beam area
01:20:29 photograph shows the perimeter beam area after one of the two insulation boards has been removed revealing the second layer of insulation behind us an expanding foam was used as joint filler
01:20:40 expanding foam was used as joint filler to partly fill joint gaps associated with the insulation throughout the rain screen system the Harlee material data sheets show this was a polyurethane foam
01:20:55 purchase orders showed that due to supply issues with Celotex rs.5000 276 meter squared of a kingspan product cool
01:21:06 meter squared of a kingspan product cool therm k15 rain screen board of eighty millimeters thickness was ordered as a substitute these kingspan boards were applied to the horizontal perimeter beam
01:21:19 applied to the horizontal perimeter beam as can be seen in the image on screen the final material I will explain is the rain screen either layer at
01:21:32 is the rain screen either layer at Granville tired these were a renault bond 55 PE aluminium composite panels they were installed on the vertical length of the columns and in horizontal runs above and below the windows of each
01:21:45 runs above and below the windows of each floor meeting the columns I have highlighted the location of the panels below a window in the photograph on screen these panels were typically 1.3
01:21:56 screen these panels were typically 1.3 by 1.2 meters wide below the windows I have also highlighted the location of the panels that were installed on the columns of the building these panels
01:22:07 columns of the building these panels were typically 2.5 meters high and 0.55 metres wide are conic Renault bond 55 PE aluminium cups of panels consist of 0.5
01:22:22 aluminium cups of panels consist of 0.5 millimeters on iminium sheets either side of a 3 millimeter thick polyethylene core polyethylene is a combustible material arcana Crenna bonds
01:22:33 combustible material arcana Crenna bonds 55 PE f @ PE panels are manufactured as flat panels these flat panels can either be screwed are riveted into the support
01:22:44 be screwed are riveted into the support frame are shown on the left hand image on screen alternatively the edges of the panels can be bent making a 3d shape
01:22:55 panels can be bent making a 3d shape slots are cut in the edges of the panels so they can be hung on a support rail behind therefore the support is then hidden behind the front face of the
01:23:06 hidden behind the front face of the panel these are called modular cassettes this modular cassette method was the method of supporting the rainscreen cladding a gravel Terra
01:23:28 vertical metal channels were attached to the building exterior at approximately 1.15 meters centers as measured on site these vertical channels were bolted to
01:23:40 these vertical channels were bolted to the underside of the metal brackets supporting the new window frames these cladding rails were in turn fixed back onto the new window brackets these
01:23:54 onto the new window brackets these photographs from my site investigation showed the vertical cladding rails in place below a window the cloud and rails are highlighted in orange and the steel
01:24:05 are highlighted in orange and the steel brackets to which they are affixed in green my understanding is that both these brackets were manufactured by tri fab the vertical cladding rail is bolted
01:24:17 fab the vertical cladding rail is bolted to the steel bracket it therefore sits in front of the thermal insulation but no fixings go through the insulation itself to support it the photograph on
01:24:28 itself to support it the photograph on the right hand side is a close-up image of the rail it is a u-shape with metal bolts connecting the two sides the arcana Crenna bonds 55 PE panels were
01:24:42 arcana Crenna bonds 55 PE panels were hung on these boats this photograph shows one of the rainscreen panels being removed from the building as I witnessed
01:24:54 removed from the building as I witnessed it shows the 3d shape of the panel and the slots cut into the edge to hang on the bolts within the cladding rails
01:25:11 this animation illustrates the application of the rainscreen cladding panels to the horizontal perimeter beam and the vertical columns as shown on
01:25:24 and the vertical columns as shown on screen no gaps were left between aluminium camps of panels in their installed position on site and the areas I inspected I noted that the panel gaps
01:25:36 I inspected I noted that the panel gaps ranged between 15 and 13 millimeters at the edge of the panel's in these gaps the polyethylene core is clearly visible and polyethylene is combustible as I
01:25:48 and polyethylene is combustible as I said the installation of a rainscreen cladding system to the outside of the existing building created cavities between the existing come between the
01:26:00 between the existing come between the existing concrete wall and the new rainscreen outer layer the cavity formed between the original concrete structure
01:26:11 between the original concrete structure and the rainscreen cladding above and below the windows is illustrated on screen this cavity contains two layers of 80 millimeter either Celotex or
01:26:22 of 80 millimeter either Celotex or kingspan insulation on the perimeter beams
01:26:25 beams therefore the depth of cavity between the insulation and the rear face of the aluminium kamsa panel is a hundred and fifty-six millimeters a cavity was also
01:26:37 fifty-six millimeters a cavity was also formed between the concrete structure and the rear face of the aluminium composite panel attached to the columns the column cavity contains 100 millimeter thick insulation
01:26:49 millimeter thick insulation therefore the depth of cavity between the insulation and the rear face of the ACP here is a hundred and thirty nine millimeters
01:27:01 [Applause]
01:27:06 horizontal cavity barriers were installed on both columns and horizontal perimeter beams of grand flute air the photograph on screen now shows a
01:27:17 photograph on screen now shows a horizontal cavity barrier fixed to the front face of a column on Grand Vitara the cavity barrier is mechanically fixed in place using metal support brackets
01:27:29 in place using metal support brackets which pierced the full depth of the cavity barrier a split protruding end of the bracket should be counter folded to retain the cavity barrier in position in
01:27:40 retain the cavity barrier in position in this picture the split end has not been counter folded and instead has been bent in a single direction the cavity barrier is I observed where side your eyes are
01:27:51 is I observed where side your eyes are h25 open state horizontal cavity barriers they come with instructions to be installed with the 25 millimeter gap between the front face of the cavity
01:28:02 between the front face of the cavity barrier and the rear face of the rainscreen outer layer allowing drainage of any moisture within the rainscreen cladding system as required and for the
01:28:13 cladding system as required and for the purposes of maintaining the required air flow this horizontal cavity barrier consists of non combustible stone will core with reinforced aluminium foil faces the front face highlighted in
01:28:27 faces the front face highlighted in orange is a reactive inch 'messin strip which is bonded to the barrier in the event of exposure to fire the interessant strip expands outwards and
01:28:39 interessant strip expands outwards and is intended to close the gap between the cavity barrier as installed and the rear face of the rainscreen panel these two
01:28:51 face of the rainscreen panel these two photographs show the horizontal ventilated cavity barrier installed below a window ak rental Terra several notches were cut in the cavity barrier
01:29:02 notches were cut in the cavity barrier to allow the cladding rail for the rain screen panels to pass through the picture on the right hand of the screen then shows how the cladding rail passed through the horizontal ventilated cavity
01:29:14 through the horizontal ventilated cavity barrier the photograph on the ledge side of the screen shows the same cavity barrier with the cladding rail removed showing the gap that was cut in the
01:29:25 showing the gap that was cut in the cavity barrier vertical cavity barriers were installed on 10 of the 14 columns of the tire for the vertical cavity
01:29:42 of the tire for the vertical cavity barriers the Harley design drawing specified Sider eyes rvg fulfil cavity barriers the image on the right is taken from cider eyes product literature
01:29:54 from cider eyes product literature it shows the cider eyes are VG fulfil cavity barriers are to be installed over the full depth of the cavity leaving no gap it is a mineral world product which
01:30:06 gap it is a mineral world product which is non combustible on size I observed instead that the horizontal cavity barrier product cider eyes are h25 open state cavity barrier had been rotated
01:30:18 state cavity barrier had been rotated and installed vertically it had also been installed with the inch message strip facing into the existing concrete structure this photo shows the cider
01:30:30 structure this photo shows the cider eyes Rh 25 cavity barrier rotators and installed in the vertical position a gap was observed between the roughly Kurt's mineral wool barrier and the rain screen
01:30:41 mineral wool barrier and the rain screen panel I observed some required cavity barriers not to have been installed to Grand Vitara this image illustrates the
01:30:54 Grand Vitara this image illustrates the cavity barriers present in the external wall cavity it can be seen there are no cavity barrier products installed around the openings made by the windows the
01:31:05 the openings made by the windows the installed internal material linings to the windows and the refurbishment which I will describe shortly are also not considered to meet the performance of a cavity barrier as defined in the
01:31:17 cavity barrier as defined in the approved document theme no cavity barriers were specified at the head of the external wall cavity off by the soap crane I have yet to carry out an
01:31:28 crane I have yet to carry out an inspection of that area to check if they were anyway I will now move to the materials on the interior of the term
01:31:50 this photo from prior to the refurbishment illustrates the original windows and material lining the window reveals on the left when the original
01:32:01 reveals on the left when the original windows were removed the highlighted lining materials were also removed new materials were then installed eternally around each of the windows the materials
01:32:13 around each of the windows the materials highlighted here are the final finished linings as you can see the location of the new materials installed was limited to the top bottom on both sides of every
01:32:24 to the top bottom on both sides of every window opening the materials applied internally included existing timber part of the original window linings this
01:32:35 of the original window linings this solid timber material is highlighted in blue in the image of the original construction which is on the left new uPVC linings around the window opening
01:32:47 uPVC linings around the window opening uPVC plasticized plasticized polyvinyl chloride is a solid plastic combustible material this is highlighted in orange in the right-hand side image pieces of
01:33:00 in the right-hand side image pieces of insulation placed between the existing concrete structure and this uPVC lining this is highlighted in yellow in the right-hand image as well as though there
01:33:12 right-hand image as well as though there are larger pieces of thermal insulation underneath all four sides of the uPVC linings which I will also explain
01:33:24 firstly timber buttons and in places timber board which formed part of the original linings to the window reviewers were left directly affixed to the concrete construction I have shown the
01:33:38 concrete construction I have shown the position of these materials in the images on the screen here the timber materials themselves can be seen in this image which shows the condition when all
01:33:50 image which shows the condition when all the newly installed linings have been removed where the original timber lining was retained this was approximately a hundred and ninety five millimeters wide and as can be seen in the image on the
01:34:01 and as can be seen in the image on the left does not extend out to the new window position a gap exists while inspecting the external ward of grandfa tower I observed foam type filler
01:34:14 tower I observed foam type filler materials placed in these gaps this image on the right is a view looking up above to the top of the window at the right hand corner in the gap above
01:34:27 right hand corner in the gap above between the window frame and the existing concrete face of the building an orange foam filler material can be seen I also observed insulation material
01:34:39 seen I also observed insulation material underneath you PVC lining directly 25 millimeter thick insulation foam beneath the you PVC filling the gap between the
01:34:52 the you PVC filling the gap between the original timber window linings and the new window frame location I have found no evidence of a specific insulation product or material specified for this
01:35:03 product or material specified for this location in this image I've Illustrated the locations that it was observed that is around all four sides this image shows a polymeric insulation foam with
01:35:15 shows a polymeric insulation foam with foil facing installed at the head of the window between the new window frame and original timber lining the final window material has been removed by others there are no identifying logos
01:35:28 there are no identifying logos labels on this sample the pictures on-screen now were taken during my site investigation looking right at the opening between the original info panel
01:35:41 opening between the original info panel between windows and the new al you glaze insulation core panel in this location I found 25 millimeter thick polymeric foam sealing the edge of the voyage
01:35:53 foam sealing the edge of the voyage created between the old and the new info panel the markings on the aluminium foil facing of the insulation appears to indicate that it was Celotex TB for
01:36:05 indicate that it was Celotex TB for thousands noting the Celotex logo highlighted with the orange - box TV 4000 is a PR PIR insulation this
01:36:17 4000 is a PR PIR insulation this requires formal identification for your testing however as the design drawings do not show insulation in this location further samples of insulation removed
01:36:29 further samples of insulation removed from the underside of the uPVC show a different product logo the green logo highlighted with the orange dust dashed circle here is consistent with the
01:36:41 circle here is consistent with the kingspan thermal range of PIR which as I have explained is combustible this too requires formal identification via tests on
01:36:54 now turning to the uPVC lining itself I observed the uPVC lining to all four sides of each window the material is a
01:37:05 sides of each window the material is a rigid combustible plastic used for a variety of construction purposes where the uPVC lining have been removed by others I was able to observe its
01:37:17 others I was able to observe its thickness as 10 millimeters the zig-zag pattern and I observed on the underside of the uPVC lining was replicated on the original timber linings from which they
01:37:30 original timber linings from which they had been removed indicating the uPVC lining were glued in position these images illustrates the final finished surface of the uPVC lining to the window
01:37:42 surface of the uPVC lining to the window openings I have earlier explained that no cavity barriers were installed within the external cavity of the rain screen
01:37:54 the external cavity of the rain screen over cladding around the openings approved document b however does permit cavity barriers around openings to be forint of specific materials of a
01:38:05 forint of specific materials of a minimum thickness these include steel at least point 5 millimeters thick timber at least 38 millimeters thick polyethylene sleeved mineral woods or
01:38:16 polyethylene sleeved mineral woods or mineral wool slab under compression calcium silicates cement based or gypsum based boards at least 12 millimeters thick the materials as I have just
01:38:28 thick the materials as I have just described them installed and turned the F granville tire around the openings created by the new windows do not meet these requirements as the internal materials cannot be considered as cavity
01:38:39 materials cannot be considered as cavity barriers either no cavity barriers of any kind was present around the window openings within Grand Vitara finally whilst inspecting the external ward of
01:38:50 whilst inspecting the external ward of the tower I observed a soft material above each window specifically I observed a strip of board adjacent to the head of the window the top right
01:39:01 the head of the window the top right image shows it was an eight millimeter hard board and a twelve millimeter phone I observed a portion of the board which have been removed by others in flat 23 the board was labeled I see I
01:39:14 flat 23 the board was labeled I see I pearl board which is a polyurethane foam and plaster board composite product and polyurethane is also a combustible plastic material this concludes my
01:39:26 plastic material this concludes my description of the materials used and how they were arranged and fixed for the external and internal refurbishment of the external wall of Grand Vitara thank
01:39:37 the external wall of Grand Vitara thank you thank you very much indeed thank you thank you so that completes dr. Lane 2 presentation today and we will commence again tomorrow at 10 a.m. with the presentation of Professor Neve
01:39:49 with the presentation of Professor Neve McDade yes thank you thank you so will we all finish there and we'll be back here at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning thank you all very much
01:40:08 you